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Water Purification with Carbon Fiber
Carbon fiber is a “fibrous carbon substance having a fine graphite
crystal structure” which is composed mainly by carbon and manufactured
by carbonizing acryl fibers, oil, and carbon by a special heat treatment
process. It is generally said to be a “light, strong, corrosion-resistant”
advanced functional material. It is widely used in diverse applications,
taking advantage of its combination of properties as a lightweight materials
with excellent mechanical properties, and its excellent properties as a
carbon material.
Activated CarbonFiber is manufactured by enlarging specific surface area
of CarbonFiber by activating treatment. Activated carbonFiber is applied
for various products as advanced adsorption material by utilizing its characteristics.
◇Activated CarbonFiber enviromantal material
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CarbonFiber used for use as a water purification materials (as a contact
media) |
CarbonFiber which is used for use as a water purification
materials are given a special surface treatment. It is PAN type (manufactured
by carbonizing polyacrylonitrile which is manufactured to cause the fibers
to expand in water, different from general industrial use. Carbon fibers
for water purification consist of bundles of 12,000 or 15,000 ultra-fine,
7μm filaments.
 Attention
Please note that the carbon fiber for genera lindsutrial use is sold for
water purification, however it is different from CarbonFiber product given
a sizing treatment for water use.
As for CarbonFiber which is given a special surface treatement, sizing
agent dissolves in water and each fibers expand in water. The carbon fiber
for general indsutrial doesn't expand in water because it uses epoxy type
sizing agent. There is a significant difference of effect between them.
Water purification material manufuctured by CarbonFiber for water purification
is “MiraCarbon” only.
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Water purification using carbon fiber is economical and effective method.
And it is low environmental impact.
Active biofilm are formed by high bioaffinity of carbon fiber, and its
microorganisms decompose contaminants.
CarbonFiber activates microorganisms and gather fishes. Carbon fiber exercises
seaweed bed function.
Functions of CarbonFiber
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Mechanism of water purufication |
Water purification by CarbonFiber is performed by pollutant capturing
ability from large specific surface of CarbonFiber's ultra-fine filaments
and biofilm formed by effective microorganisms decompose pollutants. This
mechanism of water purufication is a biofilm treatment method which is
one of the wastewater treatment method using CarobonFiber as a contact
media.
Each fibers of CarbonFiber expand in water.
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Pollutants and microorganisms in water are adsorbed.
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Adhered microorganisms form an active biofilm and decompose pollutants.
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CarbonFiber become a habitat for laying eggs of fishes
by activating microorganisms |
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When immersed in water, a water-soluble sizing agent dissolves, and the
filaments unravel and spread.
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Pollutants are adsorbed and microorganisms are fixed on the large surface
area of the carbon fiber.
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Bio film ( radical sludge)
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Microorganism (microscope photo)
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Mechanism of Water Purification |
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Swaying of the carbon fibers causes movement
of the water and decompostion of pollutants |
Main rutrients and metabolism products
of microcr gmnisms in microbial film |
Water purification using biological membrane
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Decomposition of organic matter |
There are aerobic bacterium (bacteria which likes oxygen) and an
anaerobic bacterium (bacteria which likes anoxia). Organic matter is decomposed
into carbon dioxide and water under the aerobic condition by aerobic bacterium,
and organic matter is decomposed into methane, carbon dioxide under the
anoxia by an anaerobic bacterium.
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| Decomposition of organic matter under the condition of aerobic and anaerobic |
Decomposition of organic matter using biological membrane |
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Removal of Nutritive salts (Nitrogen and phosphorus) |
There are denitrification bacteria in microbe group and it decompose
nitrate nitrogen, which is formed by a nitrification reaction, into nitrogen
gas and scatters in the air. In addition, phosphorus is removed from water
because microbes accumulate phosphate ion as polyphosphoric acid. CarbonFiber
elutes iron ion and when iron ion and phosphate ion react, it becomes iron
phosphate. It is insolubilized and fixed.
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| Biological nitrogen removal |
Biological/chemical phosphorus removal |
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| Source: Guideline of CarbonFiber Technology for water use -Environmental
water version- |
Attention
Water purification using CarbonFiber depends on the function of bio film
which adheres to fiber as well as adsorption effect of CarbonFiber itself.
It is difficult to have water purification effect in the environment where
bio film is not formed. In addition, in environments where there is no
microbe, in a deficient oxygen state (lack of dissolved O2 DO), or water
without current or movement, it takes a lot of time until the effect is
produced. Therefore, it is important to make microbe environment for a
higher water purification effect. (Measures: oxygen supply, circulation
etc)
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| ◇MiraCarbon Plus |
Water Purification Effect
Water quality purification using carbon fiber is effective in improvement
of transparency in a short time, decrease COD and BOD, and purification
of TN and TP.
Removal rate of water quality purification using carbon fiber items（％）
| items |
river |
lake |
sewage |
| biological oxygen demand (BOD) |
50〜70 |
20〜90 |
90〜95 |
| suspended solid (SS) |
50〜70 |
20〜90 |
90〜95 |
| total nitrogen (TN) |
10〜30 |
10〜30 |
30〜70 |
| total phosphorus (TP) |
10〜50 |
30〜90 |
30〜50 |
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Patent
Water use by CarbonFiber:
water purification and seaweed bed formation is a patent technology.
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【Patent number 3331372】 CarbonFiber artificial seaweed bed system combined
CarbonFiber artificial seaweed bed and various kinds of CarbonFiber artificial
seaweed bed
【Patent number 3328700】 Wastewater purification method
【Patent number 3080567】 Artificial seaweed bed
【Patent number 2954509】 Contact filter media in catalytic oxidation water
purification system
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Our company promote this technology by the agreement with
Japan Science and Technology Agency.
Please contact us if you want to use Miracarbon for business purpose.
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Patent relating to the installation of CarbonFiber water purification material
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【Publication number 2009-195848】 Water purification structure: Floating
island method
【Publication number 2009-195849】 Water purification structure: Hanging
with rope method
【Publication number 2009-195850】 Water purification system: Water purification
unit and
water purification system
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Applicant SO-EN CO., LTD
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